L\u2019Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire (Anses) a publi\u00e9 le 20 juillet un nouveau rapport d\u2019expertise visant \u00e0 actualiser l\u2019\u00e9tat des connaissances sur les effets sur la sant\u00e9 de la pollution de l\u2019air g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par les incendies de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation de grande ampleur. L\u2019agence souligne que ces incendies lib\u00e8rent dans l\u2019air des gaz et des particules qui affectent la sant\u00e9 des populations, en particulier les personnes les plus vuln\u00e9rables, ainsi que les pompiers, identifi\u00e9s comme les plus expos\u00e9s.<\/p>\n
Le rapport d\u00e9crit une composition des fum\u00e9es variable selon les conditions de combustion, le type de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et l\u2019humidit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, avec une exposition qui d\u00e9pend \u00e9galement de la distance \u00e0 l\u2019incendie. Dans les zones touch\u00e9es par les fum\u00e9es, les particules en suspension constituent un indicateur majeur du suivi de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique li\u00e9e aux incendies. Environ 80 % de ces particules sont des particules fines, majoritairement carbon\u00e9es, de diam\u00e8tre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 1 \u00b5m, pouvant \u00eatre transport\u00e9es sur plusieurs centaines de kilom\u00e8tres. Les feux de forte intensit\u00e9 produisent aussi des particules de cendres de grande taille.<\/p>\n
Outre les particules, l\u2019Anses identifie comme autre polluant majeur le monoxyde de carbone, particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des foyers. Les fum\u00e9es contiennent \u00e9galement du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), de nombreux compos\u00e9s organiques volatils (dont acrol\u00e9ine, formald\u00e9hyde, benz\u00e8ne), des compos\u00e9s semi-volatils tels que les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), des m\u00e9taux lourds et des oxydes d\u2019azote (NOx). La composition des fum\u00e9es peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e lorsque le feu atteint des sources de pollution sp\u00e9cifiques comme des b\u00e2timents ou des v\u00e9hicules routiers.<\/p>\n
Sur le plan sanitaire, l\u2019Anses indique que l\u2019inhalation \u00e0 court terme des fum\u00e9es entra\u00eene des effets respiratoires, en particulier des sympt\u00f4mes d\u2019irritation, pouvant conduire \u00e0 des passages aux urgences ou \u00e0 des hospitalisations pour asthme et autres maladies pulmonaires chroniques, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 une alt\u00e9ration transitoire de la fonction pulmonaire. L\u2019exposition est aussi associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des irritations ORL (maux de gorge, otites) et cutan\u00e9es (dermatite atopique, d\u00e9mangeaisons). Les donn\u00e9es disponibles sugg\u00e8rent par ailleurs une possible influence d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8re sur la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire (hypertension, arythmies et autres cardiopathies), mais l\u2019Anses souligne que les preuves dans ce domaine demeurent plus limit\u00e9es et h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes. Les pompiers sont signal\u00e9s comme un groupe professionnel particuli\u00e8rement expos\u00e9 \u00e0 ces risques, sans que le rapport ne d\u00e9taille dans cet extrait des mesures sp\u00e9cifiques de pr\u00e9vention ou de protection.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u2019Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire (Anses) a publi\u00e9 le 20 juillet un nouveau rapport d\u2019expertise visant \u00e0 actualiser l\u2019\u00e9tat des connaissances sur les effets sur la sant\u00e9 de la pollution 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