Le texte pr\u00e9sente la position de la D\u00e9fenseure des droits sur une proposition de loi visant \u00e0 instaurer une pr\u00e9somption de l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense pour les policiers, gendarmes et, potentiellement, policiers municipaux. Actuellement, le cadre juridique applicable \u00e0 l\u2019usage de la force par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure est r\u00e9gi par l\u2019article L. 435-1 du code de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure, qui n\u2019autorise le recours \u00e0 la force et aux armes qu\u2019en cas d\u2019absolue n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et de mani\u00e8re strictement proportionn\u00e9e. Ces exigences sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les conditions de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019usage de la force dans un \u00c9tat de droit.<\/p>\n
La proposition de loi inverserait cette logique en \u00e9tablissant une pr\u00e9somption de l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense, pr\u00e9somption qui ne pourrait \u00eatre \u00e9cart\u00e9e qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019issue de l\u2019enqu\u00eate judiciaire si celle-ci d\u00e9montrait un usage manifestement disproportionn\u00e9 des armes ou contraire au principe de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 absolue. La D\u00e9fenseure des droits alerte sur le risque d\u2019affaiblissement du contr\u00f4le judiciaire : selon elle, une telle pr\u00e9somption pourrait modifier concr\u00e8tement la mani\u00e8re dont les enqu\u00eates sont conduites et r\u00e9duire la port\u00e9e du contr\u00f4le exerc\u00e9 par le juge. Elle rappelle que ce contr\u00f4le ne constitue pas une remise en cause de l\u2019engagement des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, mais une garantie fondamentale \u00e0 la fois pour les citoyens et pour les agents, contribuant \u00e0 l\u2019apaisement des relations entre ces forces et la population.<\/p>\n
La D\u00e9fenseure des droits souligne \u00e9galement le risque d\u2019inversion de la charge de la preuve au d\u00e9triment des victimes, ce qui pourrait affaiblir l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des voies de recours. Dans son avis n\u00b0 26-05, elle rappelle que le droit positif pr\u00e9voit d\u00e9j\u00e0 un cadre juridique sp\u00e9cifique, protecteur et d\u00e9rogatoire, autorisant l\u2019usage de la force lorsque celui-ci est n\u00e9cessaire et proportionn\u00e9 au but poursuivi ou \u00e0 la gravit\u00e9 de la menace. Selon elle, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une pr\u00e9somption de l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense introduirait une complexit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire dans un r\u00e9gime d\u00e9j\u00e0 jug\u00e9 peu lisible, sans am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des forces de l\u2019ordre.<\/p>\n
Elle indique en outre que cette pr\u00e9somption pourrait donner aux agents le sentiment d\u2019un \u00e9largissement de leurs possibilit\u00e9s de recours aux armes, alors m\u00eame que les principes d\u2019absolue n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et de stricte proportionnalit\u00e9 demeureraient applicables. Un tel d\u00e9calage entre perception et r\u00e9alit\u00e9 juridique pourrait exposer les agents \u00e0 des risques p\u00e9naux et d\u00e9ontologiques s\u2019ils faisaient usage de leurs armes dans des conditions qui ne seraient pas l\u00e9galement justifi\u00e9es. La D\u00e9fenseure des droits se montre enfin pr\u00e9occup\u00e9e par l\u2019int\u00e9gration des policiers municipaux dans ce dispositif, leurs missions de proximit\u00e9 et leurs conditions d\u2019intervention \u00e9tant diff\u00e9rentes de celles de la police nationale et de la gendarmerie. Elle signale le risque d\u2019un signal normatif susceptible de banaliser le recours \u00e0 la force l\u00e9tale.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)Lire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le texte pr\u00e9sente la position de la D\u00e9fenseure des droits sur une proposition de loi visant \u00e0 instaurer une pr\u00e9somption de l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense pour les policiers, gendarmes et, potentiellement, policiers […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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