Le D\u00e9fenseur des droits a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi, entre 2021 et 2024, de plusieurs situations concernant des enfants de moins de 13 ans verbalis\u00e9s \u00e0 bord de bus g\u00e9r\u00e9s par diverses soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de transport public dans plusieurs d\u00e9partements. Les repr\u00e9sentants l\u00e9gaux de ces mineurs ont contest\u00e9 les verbalisations aupr\u00e8s des services de transport concern\u00e9s, qui ont ensuite saisi le D\u00e9fenseur des droits. Certaines soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de transport indiquent annuler syst\u00e9matiquement les amendes inflig\u00e9es \u00e0 des mineurs de moins de 13 ans en cas de contestation, tandis que d\u2019autres estiment \u00eatre dans leur droit en invoquant la responsabilit\u00e9 civile des repr\u00e9sentants l\u00e9gaux du fait des fautes de leurs enfants mineurs.<\/p>\n
La D\u00e9fenseure des droits rappelle le cadre juridique applicable en mati\u00e8re de justice p\u00e9nale des mineurs, notamment l\u2019article 40 de la Convention internationale des droits de l\u2019enfant et les principes fondamentaux qui exigent que les d\u00e9cisions prises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de mineurs auteurs d\u2019infractions visent prioritairement leur rel\u00e8vement \u00e9ducatif et moral, la pr\u00e9vention de la r\u00e9cidive et la protection des victimes. Elle se r\u00e9f\u00e8re en particulier au code de la justice p\u00e9nale des mineurs (CJPM) : l\u2019article 11-4 dispose qu\u2019aucune peine ne peut \u00eatre prononc\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019un mineur de moins de 13 ans, et l\u2019article 11-1 pr\u00e9voit que les mineurs de moins de 13 ans sont pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s ne pas \u00eatre capables de discernement.<\/p>\n
La D\u00e9fenseure des droits souligne que l\u2019amende forfaitaire constitue, par sa nature, une peine. En cons\u00e9quence, un mineur de moins de 13 ans ne peut pas faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure simplifi\u00e9e d\u2019amende forfaitaire. Par ailleurs, la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d\u2019un mineur de moins de 13 ans ne peut \u00eatre engag\u00e9e qu\u2019\u00e0 la condition de d\u00e9montrer son discernement \u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019actes d\u2019enqu\u00eate, ce qui n\u2019existe pas dans le cadre de la proc\u00e9dure simplifi\u00e9e d\u2019amende forfaitaire. Cette proc\u00e9dure est donc jug\u00e9e inapplicable aux mineurs de moins de 13 ans.<\/p>\n
Au vu de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, la D\u00e9fenseure des droits consid\u00e8re que les pratiques constat\u00e9es de remise d\u2019amende forfaitaire \u00e0 des mineurs de moins de 13 ans par des services de transport public portent atteinte au droit de l\u2019enfant \u00e0 une justice adapt\u00e9e. Elle recommande aux services de transport collectif de personnes de modifier leurs r\u00e8glements int\u00e9rieurs et leurs proc\u00e9dures de traitement des amendes forfaitaires contraventionnelles afin de les rendre conformes au CJPM pour les moins de 13 ans, et de mettre en place des formations pour les agents verbalisateurs sur la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 du traitement des infractions commises par des mineurs et sur la d\u00e9tection de ces situations. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9sentent un enjeu de conformit\u00e9 des pratiques de contr\u00f4le des transports publics avec le droit de la protection de l\u2019enfance et la justice p\u00e9nale des mineurs.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)Lire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le D\u00e9fenseur des droits a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi, entre 2021 et 2024, de plusieurs situations concernant des enfants de moins de 13 ans verbalis\u00e9s \u00e0 bord de bus g\u00e9r\u00e9s par diverses 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