Des chercheurs du CEA, du CNRS et du Coll\u00e8ge de France ont publi\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une \u00e9tude longitudinale d\u2019imagerie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale sur le d\u00e9veloppement des comp\u00e9tences math\u00e9matiques chez des enfants scolaris\u00e9s en France entre la grande section de maternelle et le CE1. Environ cinquante enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivis pendant trois ans par l\u2019\u00e9quipe de NeuroSpin (CEA). Chaque ann\u00e9e, ils ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une s\u00e9ance d\u2019IRM fonctionnelle 3 teslas, au cours de laquelle ils \u00e9coutaient des phrases \u00e0 contenu math\u00e9matique (arithm\u00e9tique, g\u00e9om\u00e9trie) ou relevant de la connaissance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ou sociale.<\/p>\n
Les r\u00e9sultats montrent qu\u2019entre 5 et 6 ans, avant l\u2019entr\u00e9e en CP et avant une formalisation des apprentissages, les enfants activent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les m\u00eames grandes r\u00e9gions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales que les adultes lorsqu\u2019ils sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s math\u00e9matiques. Au sein de ce r\u00e9seau, une diff\u00e9renciation entre arithm\u00e9tique et g\u00e9om\u00e9trie est d\u00e9j\u00e0 observable d\u00e8s cet \u00e2ge. Les auteurs indiquent ainsi que l\u2019architecture c\u00e9r\u00e9brale d\u00e9di\u00e9e aux math\u00e9matiques est en grande partie en place avant le d\u00e9but de l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire, puis qu\u2019elle s\u2019affine et s\u2019enrichit entre 5 et 9 ans.<\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9tude identifie trois m\u00e9canismes compl\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre dans cette p\u00e9riode. D\u2019abord, les zones c\u00e9r\u00e9brales d\u00e9j\u00e0 sollicit\u00e9es deviennent plus r\u00e9actives, avec un signal de plus en plus marqu\u00e9 en r\u00e9ponse aux stimuli math\u00e9matiques. Ensuite, de nouveaux voxels au sein de ces m\u00eames r\u00e9gions sont progressivement recrut\u00e9s, ce qui \u00e9largit l\u00e9g\u00e8rement l\u2019\u00e9tendue corticale du r\u00e9seau impliqu\u00e9. Enfin, lorsque l\u2019enfant ma\u00eetrise bien une notion, l\u2019activit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale correspondante diminue, traduisant une automatisation et une moindre mobilisation de ressources neuronales pour les t\u00e2ches devenues faciles.<\/p>\n
Les chercheurs observent \u00e9galement qu\u2019entre la fin de la maternelle et le CE1, la \u00ab carte mentale \u00bb des concepts math\u00e9matiques se complexifie : chaque notion occupe progressivement une place plus sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9e et diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e dans l\u2019espace neuronal, le cerveau utilisant des dimensions jusque-l\u00e0 peu sollicit\u00e9es. Ce processus permettrait, selon les auteurs, de coder un nombre croissant de concepts dans un espace cortical globalement stable. Les r\u00e9sultats sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme une contribution \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension des m\u00e9canismes neurocognitifs de l\u2019apprentissage des math\u00e9matiques, susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre mod\u00e9lis\u00e9s, sans que des implications directes en termes de politiques \u00e9ducatives ou de sant\u00e9 ne soient explicitement formul\u00e9es dans la source.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Des chercheurs du CEA, du CNRS et du Coll\u00e8ge de France ont publi\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une \u00e9tude longitudinale d\u2019imagerie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale sur le d\u00e9veloppement des comp\u00e9tences math\u00e9matiques chez des enfants scolaris\u00e9s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4388,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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