Une \u00e9tude quantitative portant sur la ville de Rio de Janeiro (Br\u00e9sil) entre 2006 et 2019 analyse les effets des programmes d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des quartiers informels (slums) sur la mortalit\u00e9 li\u00e9e aux vagues de chaleur. Elle exploite le d\u00e9ploiement \u00e9chelonn\u00e9 de 31 interventions d\u2019\u00ab upgrading \u00bb dans ces quartiers et utilise un dispositif \u00e9conom\u00e9trique de type diff\u00e9rences\u2011en\u2011diff\u00e9rences, avec des mod\u00e8les de Poisson \u00e0 effets fixes appliqu\u00e9s \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es quotidiennes de mortalit\u00e9 issues de 806 \u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Les r\u00e9sultats montrent que les vagues de chaleur augmentent la mortalit\u00e9 de 5,1 % \u00e0 8,2 %. La proximit\u00e9 des populations aux interventions d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des quartiers est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 3,9 % \u00e0 5,5 % de cette surmortalit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la chaleur, ce qui correspond \u00e0 une att\u00e9nuation d\u2019environ la moiti\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00ab exc\u00e9dent \u00bb de mortalit\u00e9 imputable aux vagues de chaleur. Les effets se concentrent sur les causes de d\u00e9c\u00e8s cardiovasculaires et respiratoires, ce qui est coh\u00e9rent avec les m\u00e9canismes biologiques connus liant l\u2019exposition \u00e0 la chaleur aux risques sanitaires.<\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9tude met en avant des implications pour les plus de 1,1 milliard de personnes vivant dans des habitats informels, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales o\u00f9 la fr\u00e9quence et l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des vagues de chaleur devraient augmenter avec le changement climatique. Elle sugg\u00e8re que les investissements d\u2019infrastructure \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle dans les quartiers informels peuvent constituer, au\u2011del\u00e0 de leurs objectifs initiaux, un levier de politique urbaine pertinent pour l\u2019adaptation aux vagues de chaleur et la r\u00e9duction de la mortalit\u00e9 associ\u00e9e. Elle souligne ainsi l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat potentiel, pour les politiques publiques, de consid\u00e9rer les programmes d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des bidonvilles comme des outils d\u2019adaptation climatique, en compl\u00e9ment de leurs finalit\u00e9s sociales et sanitaires initiales.(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u00a0Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Une \u00e9tude quantitative portant sur la ville de Rio de Janeiro (Br\u00e9sil) entre 2006 et 2019 analyse les effets des programmes d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des quartiers informels (slums) sur la mortalit\u00e9 li\u00e9e 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