Le document pr\u00e9sente un rapport de recherche du RAND Corporation, institution \u00e0 but non lucratif sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans l\u2019analyse des politiques publiques, consacr\u00e9 aux risques de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9s \u00e0 la diffusion des biotechnologies, en particulier \u00e0 la disponibilit\u00e9 croissante de mat\u00e9riels g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de synth\u00e8se. Il s\u2019agit du premier volume d\u2019un rapport en deux parties, publi\u00e9 dans la s\u00e9rie \u00ab RAND Global and Emerging Risks \u00bb, centr\u00e9 sur les options de r\u00e9gulation aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n
Le rapport constate une \u00ab d\u00e9mocratisation \u00bb des r\u00e9actifs et techniques permettant de d\u00e9velopper de nouveaux m\u00e9dicaments, mat\u00e9riaux et proc\u00e9d\u00e9s chimiques complexes. Cette \u00e9volution accro\u00eet simultan\u00e9ment les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019innovations b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques et les risques d\u2019usages malveillants ou irresponsables. Un point d\u2019alerte particulier concerne l\u2019acc\u00e8s de plus en plus large aux mat\u00e9riels g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques synth\u00e9tiques, qui pourrait permettre la synth\u00e8se de novo de virus dangereux ou l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la dangerosit\u00e9 d\u2019autres micro-organismes par transfert de g\u00e8nes \u00e0 risque.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs examinent comment les r\u00e9glementations existantes pourraient \u00eatre \u00e9tendues pour couvrir des composants g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de micro-organismes ou de toxines qui ne sont pas actuellement encadr\u00e9s par le Federal Select Agent Program (FSAP), dispositif f\u00e9d\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain qui r\u00e9gule certains agents biologiques et toxines. Ils formulent des recommandations pour la mise en \u0153uvre de nouvelles r\u00e8gles visant \u00e0 restreindre l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certains mat\u00e9riels g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques aux seuls chercheurs l\u00e9gitimes.<\/p>\n
Les recommandations sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans une optique d\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre deux objectifs : maximiser la r\u00e9duction des risques de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019une part, et minimiser les charges non intentionnelles sur l\u2019industrie et la communaut\u00e9 de recherche d\u2019autre part. Le rapport insiste sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de limiter autant que possible les impacts n\u00e9gatifs des r\u00e9gulations sur les activit\u00e9s de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement, tout en renfor\u00e7ant la pr\u00e9vention des risques pour la sant\u00e9 publique.<\/p>\n
Le rapport fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de relecture scientifique interne afin de garantir la qualit\u00e9 et l\u2019objectivit\u00e9 des analyses. RAND pr\u00e9cise que ses publications ne refl\u00e8tent pas n\u00e9cessairement les positions de ses commanditaires publics ou priv\u00e9s. Le document est prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par le droit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, utilisable uniquement \u00e0 des fins non commerciales, et toute r\u00e9utilisation commerciale n\u00e9cessite une autorisation. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments encadrent l\u2019usage du rapport comme source d\u2019information pour les autorit\u00e9s publiques.(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u00a0Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le document pr\u00e9sente un rapport de recherche du RAND Corporation, institution \u00e0 but non lucratif sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans l\u2019analyse des politiques publiques, consacr\u00e9 aux risques de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9s \u00e0 la diffusion 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