Une \u00e9tude du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale portant sur les donn\u00e9es 2022 analyse, pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, le niveau des \u00e9l\u00e8ves de petite section de maternelle selon leur milieu social. Elle met en \u00e9vidence des \u00e9carts importants de performance d\u00e8s l\u2019entr\u00e9e dans le syst\u00e8me scolaire, dans les domaines du langage, des math\u00e9matiques et des comp\u00e9tences transversales.<\/p>\n
Les enfants issus des milieux tr\u00e8s favoris\u00e9s obtiennent en moyenne un score de 270 en langage et de 273 en math\u00e9matiques, contre 238 et 237 pour les enfants de milieux d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s. Pour les comp\u00e9tences transversales (incluant notamment la m\u00e9morisation), les scores moyens sont de 264 pour les enfants tr\u00e8s favoris\u00e9s et de 242 pour ceux de milieux d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s. L\u2019\u00e9cart entre les groupes tr\u00e8s favoris\u00e9 et d\u00e9favoris\u00e9 est de 32 points en langage, 36 en math\u00e9matiques et 22 pour les comp\u00e9tences transversales. Les milieux favoris\u00e9 et moyen se situent \u00e0 des niveaux interm\u00e9diaires (par exemple, en langage : 262 pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves favoris\u00e9s et 249 pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de milieu moyen).<\/p>\n
Le minist\u00e8re d\u00e9finit quatre cat\u00e9gories socioprofessionnelles de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence : \u00ab tr\u00e8s favoris\u00e9 \u00bb (chefs d\u2019entreprise de dix salari\u00e9s ou plus, cadres et professions intellectuelles sup\u00e9rieures, instituteurs, professeurs des \u00e9coles), \u00ab favoris\u00e9 \u00bb (professions interm\u00e9diaires, retrait\u00e9s cadres, retrait\u00e9s des professions interm\u00e9diaires), \u00ab moyen \u00bb (agriculteurs exploitants, artisans, commer\u00e7ants et retrait\u00e9s correspondants, employ\u00e9s) et \u00ab d\u00e9favoris\u00e9 \u00bb (ouvriers, retrait\u00e9s ouvriers et employ\u00e9s, inactifs, notamment ch\u00f4meurs).<\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9tude souligne qu\u2019il convient de rester prudent sur la mesure du niveau scolaire \u00e0 un \u00e2ge aussi pr\u00e9coce (d\u00e8s trois ans), mais indique que les \u00e9carts observ\u00e9s sont significatifs. Elle les relie notamment \u00e0 des diff\u00e9rences d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources \u00e9ducatives (pr\u00e9sence de livres au domicile), \u00e0 l\u2019accompagnement parental (lecture d\u2019histoires, limitation des \u00e9crans) et aux conditions de vie (bruit, promiscuit\u00e9), qui influencent les premi\u00e8res acquisitions.<\/p>\n
Selon le minist\u00e8re, ces \u00e9carts initiaux marquent la suite du parcours scolaire et ont tendance \u00e0 s\u2019accentuer, notamment en raison de l\u2019apprentissage pr\u00e9coce de la lecture en France par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays. Dans une perspective comparative, il est indiqu\u00e9 que, par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays riches, le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif fran\u00e7ais appara\u00eet moins performant pour compenser les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales, malgr\u00e9 un discours affirm\u00e9 en faveur de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des chances.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Une \u00e9tude du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale portant sur les donn\u00e9es 2022 analyse, pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, le niveau des \u00e9l\u00e8ves de petite section de maternelle selon 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