Le document pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le RAND Corporation analyse les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la distillation de mod\u00e8les d\u2019intelligence artificielle, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le processus par lequel un nouveau mod\u00e8le est entra\u00een\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des sorties (r\u00e9ponses, pr\u00e9dictions) d\u2019un mod\u00e8le plus performant. Les auteurs examinent cette pratique dans le contexte de la pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019avantage des \u00c9tats-Unis en mati\u00e8re de \u00ab mod\u00e8les de fronti\u00e8re \u00bb d\u2019IA, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les mod\u00e8les les plus avanc\u00e9s disponibles.<\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9tude conclut que les mesures techniques visant \u00e0 limiter ou d\u00e9courager la distillation (par exemple en augmentant fortement son co\u00fbt ou en d\u00e9gradant significativement la qualit\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les distill\u00e9s) auront probablement une port\u00e9e limit\u00e9e. Selon les auteurs, ces mesures ne modifient pas les incitations de fond qui rendent la distillation attractive pour les acteurs souhaitant reproduire ou approcher les performances de mod\u00e8les tr\u00e8s avanc\u00e9s sans disposer des m\u00eames capacit\u00e9s de recherche ou de calcul. En cons\u00e9quence, ils estiment que des instruments de politique publique plus larges que les seuls dispositifs techniques pourraient \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaires pour g\u00e9rer ce risque.<\/p>\n
Le travail s\u2019inscrit dans la s\u00e9rie \u00ab Expert insights \u00bb de RAND Global and Emerging Risks, qui vise \u00e0 \u00e9clairer des enjeux de politique publique \u00e9mergents. RAND est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une institution \u00e0 but non lucratif sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans l\u2019appui \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision publique par la recherche et l\u2019analyse, sans que ses publications ne refl\u00e8tent n\u00e9cessairement la position de ses clients ou financeurs publics ou priv\u00e9s. Le document ne pr\u00e9cise pas de dates, de chiffres ni de mesures r\u00e9glementaires concr\u00e8tes, mais met en avant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 des r\u00e9ponses de politique publique plus globales, au-del\u00e0 des seuls verrous technologiques, pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019avantage technologique national en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments peuvent nourrir la r\u00e9flexion compar\u00e9e des administrations fran\u00e7aises sur les instruments de r\u00e9gulation \u00e0 envisager vis-\u00e0-vis de la diffusion et de la reproduction de mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA avanc\u00e9s.(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u00a0Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le document pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le RAND Corporation analyse les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la distillation de mod\u00e8les d\u2019intelligence artificielle, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le processus par lequel un nouveau mod\u00e8le est entra\u00een\u00e9 \u00e0 partir 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