Le document pr\u00e9sente une analyse des engagements pris par les grandes entreprises am\u00e9ricaines envers l\u2019emploi des anciens combattants et de la mani\u00e8re dont ces engagements se traduisent, ou non, en actions concr\u00e8tes. L\u2019\u00e9tude porte sp\u00e9cifiquement sur les entreprises de l\u2019indice Standard and Poor\u2019s 500 (S&P 500), qui regroupent certains des plus grands employeurs des \u00c9tats\u2011Unis, des marques les plus visibles et d\u2019importants contractants f\u00e9d\u00e9raux. Ces entreprises constituent ainsi un cas d\u2019\u00e9tude central pour \u00e9valuer la responsabilit\u00e9 des acteurs \u00e9conomiques vis\u2011\u00e0\u2011vis de l\u2019insertion professionnelle des anciens militaires.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs comparent plusieurs types de donn\u00e9es publiques : d\u00e9clarations volontaires des entreprises (rapports, sites internet, communiqu\u00e9s de presse), rapports obligatoires \u00e0 la Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), informations relatives aux dons philanthropiques via les fondations d\u2019entreprise et donn\u00e9es issues des rapports d\u2019employeurs contractants f\u00e9d\u00e9raux sur l\u2019embauche des \u00ab protected veterans \u00bb. Cette approche combin\u00e9e vise \u00e0 mesurer la coh\u00e9rence entre le discours, les investissements financiers et les pratiques effectives de recrutement et d\u2019\u00e9volution professionnelle.<\/p>\n
Les principaux constats font appara\u00eetre un faible alignement entre, d\u2019une part, les d\u00e9clarations d\u2019engagement en faveur des anciens combattants et, d\u2019autre part, les donn\u00e9es publi\u00e9es sur les dons cibl\u00e9s et l\u2019emploi effectif. De nombreuses grandes entreprises mettent en avant des initiatives pour les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans dans leurs communications volontaires, mais fournissent peu ou pas d\u2019informations sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 ce public dans leurs d\u00e9clarations r\u00e9glementaires \u00e0 la SEC. De plus, ce que les entreprises annoncent, ce qu\u2019elles financent via leurs fondations et les profils qu\u2019elles embauchent divergent fr\u00e9quemment de mani\u00e8re significative.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs soulignent que cette fragmentation et l\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es limitent fortement les possibilit\u00e9s de contr\u00f4le et d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Les pouvoirs publics, les investisseurs, les autorit\u00e9s charg\u00e9es de la commande publique, les organisations de d\u00e9fense des v\u00e9t\u00e9rans et les directions d\u2019entreprise ne disposent pas d\u2019un socle de donn\u00e9es homog\u00e8ne permettant d\u2019appr\u00e9cier de fa\u00e7on fiable la concordance entre engagements affich\u00e9s, recrutement et investissement financier. Une grande partie des informations exploitables repose sur des textes r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9s automatiquement sur le web, tandis que les dispositifs de collecte de donn\u00e9es existants \u2013 notamment pour les contractants f\u00e9d\u00e9raux \u2013 se limitent \u00e0 des \u00ab instantan\u00e9s \u00bb de la main\u2011d\u2019\u0153uvre et \u00e0 des comptages de nouvelles embauches, sans informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur les trajectoires professionnelles ou la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi des anciens combattants.<\/p>\n
Le rapport formule des recommandations de politique publique pour renforcer la transparence et la responsabilit\u00e9 des entreprises dans ce domaine, en s\u2019appuyant sur des leviers r\u00e9glementaires et l\u00e9gislatifs d\u00e9j\u00e0 en place mais jug\u00e9s insuffisamment exploit\u00e9s. Ces recommandations visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9, la comparabilit\u00e9 et l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 l\u2019embauche et au soutien des anciens combattants par les grandes entreprises, afin de mieux suivre l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des engagements affich\u00e9s. L\u2019ensemble du travail est publi\u00e9 dans le cadre de la s\u00e9rie de rapports de recherche de RAND Education, Employment, and Infrastructure, institution de recherche \u00e0 but non lucratif sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans l\u2019appui \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision publique et priv\u00e9e par l\u2019analyse et la recherche.(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u00a0Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le document pr\u00e9sente une analyse des engagements pris par les grandes entreprises am\u00e9ricaines envers l\u2019emploi des anciens combattants et de la mani\u00e8re dont ces engagements se traduisent, ou non, en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10675,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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