Le rapport de la RAND Corporation analyse les risques de m\u00e9susage biologique associ\u00e9s aux mod\u00e8les d\u2019intelligence artificielle dont les poids sont ouverts et librement accessibles. Il porte en particulier sur trois dimensions : la possibilit\u00e9 de contourner les m\u00e9canismes de refus int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans les mod\u00e8les (anti-refusal tampering), l\u2019augmentation des capacit\u00e9s techniques de ces mod\u00e8les, et la diffusion de mod\u00e8les non censur\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 disponibles au public.<\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9tude examine comment la mise \u00e0 disposition de mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u00e0 poids ouverts peut faciliter l\u2019obtention d\u2019informations sensibles ou d\u2019assistance technique dans le domaine des sciences biologiques, y compris lorsque les mod\u00e8les initiaux avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7us avec des garde-fous. Elle montre que des acteurs tiers peuvent techniquement modifier ces mod\u00e8les pour neutraliser ou affaiblir leurs m\u00e9canismes de refus, ou les combiner avec d\u2019autres ressources (donn\u00e9es, outils) afin d\u2019accro\u00eetre leurs capacit\u00e9s. Le rapport rel\u00e8ve \u00e9galement l\u2019existence de mod\u00e8les \u00ab non censur\u00e9s \u00bb d\u00e9j\u00e0 publi\u00e9s et ais\u00e9ment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rables, sur lesquels les d\u00e9veloppeurs d\u2019origine n\u2019exercent plus de contr\u00f4le.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs soulignent que ces \u00e9volutions cr\u00e9ent un risque accru de m\u00e9susage, y compris par des acteurs non \u00e9tatiques, en abaissant les seuils de comp\u00e9tences et de ressources n\u00e9cessaires pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des capacit\u00e9s biologiques potentiellement sensibles. Ils insistent toutefois sur des incertitudes importantes : les niveaux de comp\u00e9tence r\u00e9ellement requis pour un m\u00e9susage grave, la probabilit\u00e9 concr\u00e8te d\u2019un passage \u00e0 l\u2019acte, ainsi que l\u2019ampleur exacte de la contribution des mod\u00e8les ouverts par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres sources d\u2019information et de savoir-faire. Le rapport insiste sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prendre en compte ces incertitudes dans toute r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9glementaire.<\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9tude est produite par la RAND Corporation, un organisme de recherche bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Santa Monica (\u00c9tats\u2011Unis), et mobilise une \u00e9quipe pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs. Elle s\u2019inscrit dans un contexte international de r\u00e9flexion sur la gouvernance des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA avanc\u00e9s et sur la r\u00e9gulation de la publication de mod\u00e8les ouverts, en particulier pour les usages sensibles en biologie. Les auteurs n\u2019\u00e9noncent pas de mesures normatives d\u00e9taill\u00e9es mais appellent \u00e0 une vigilance accrue des pouvoirs publics, des organismes de recherche et des d\u00e9veloppeurs de mod\u00e8les vis\u2011\u00e0\u2011vis de la mise \u00e0 disposition et de la modification de mod\u00e8les \u00e0 poids ouverts.<\/p>\n
Pour l\u2019action publique, le rapport met en avant plusieurs enjeux de suivi et de r\u00e9gulation susceptibles d\u2019int\u00e9resser les administrations charg\u00e9es de la sant\u00e9, du travail et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire : la surveillance de la diffusion de mod\u00e8les puissants \u00e0 poids ouverts, l\u2019analyse de leurs effets potentiels sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 biologique, ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9valuation des m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le et de responsabilisation des diff\u00e9rents acteurs (d\u00e9veloppeurs, h\u00e9bergeurs, communaut\u00e9s open source). Il souligne enfin que les travaux existants demeurent limit\u00e9s et qu\u2019un suivi continu de l\u2019\u00e9volution des capacit\u00e9s de ces mod\u00e8les, de leur \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de distribution et de leurs usages r\u00e9els est n\u00e9cessaire.(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u00a0Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le rapport de la RAND Corporation analyse les risques de m\u00e9susage biologique associ\u00e9s aux mod\u00e8les d\u2019intelligence artificielle dont les poids sont ouverts et librement accessibles. Il porte en particulier sur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10675,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[234,227,226],"class_list":["post-17349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-donnees-etudes-evaluation-et-prospective","tag-rand","tag-ia","tag-sources-etrangeres"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17349"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17349\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}