Une \u00e9quipe de recherche de l\u2019Inserm et de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne a publi\u00e9 dans la revue Nature Communications des travaux sur les m\u00e9canismes neuronaux de l\u2019allodynie m\u00e9canique, sympt\u00f4me fr\u00e9quent de la douleur neuropathique. Cette forme de douleur se caract\u00e9rise par la transformation de stimulations normalement indolores (l\u00e9g\u00e8re pression, effleurement) en douleur, dans un contexte de l\u00e9sion ou de maladie du syst\u00e8me nerveux somatosensoriel. La douleur neuropathique concerne 7 \u00e0 10 % de la population mondiale et se distingue par son caract\u00e8re potentiellement tr\u00e8s invalidant, persistant et peu sensible aux traitements disponibles.<\/p>\n
Les chercheurs ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9, chez la souris, l\u2019organisation et le fonctionnement des circuits neuronaux de la corne dorsale de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, premier relais central du traitement de l\u2019information sensorielle. Ils se sont int\u00e9ress\u00e9s au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de sensibilisation centrale, d\u00e9fini comme une hyperr\u00e9activit\u00e9 des neurones de cette r\u00e9gion \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une l\u00e9sion nerveuse, en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019activation de neurones sensoriels sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans le toucher (m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs) ou la douleur (nocicepteurs). Normalement, l\u2019activit\u00e9 des neurones de la corne dorsale est finement r\u00e9gul\u00e9e par des neurones excitateurs et inhibiteurs, permettant de distinguer clairement les diff\u00e9rentes modalit\u00e9s sensorielles (toucher, temp\u00e9rature, douleur, etc.).<\/p>\n
Les r\u00e9sultats indiquent que l\u2019allodynie m\u00e9canique pourrait \u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019activation, apr\u00e8s l\u00e9sion nerveuse, d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de neurones jusqu\u2019ici \u00ab dormants \u00bb dans la corne dorsale. Contrairement aux neurones classiquement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans une modalit\u00e9 sensorielle donn\u00e9e, ces neurones seraient capables de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 plusieurs types de stimuli. Leur recrutement contribuerait \u00e0 une profonde r\u00e9organisation des circuits de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, aboutissant \u00e0 la transformation du signal de toucher en signal douloureux. Ces travaux apportent un \u00e9clairage m\u00e9canistique suppl\u00e9mentaire sur la douleur neuropathique et sur les processus de sensibilisation centrale, sans toutefois proposer \u00e0 ce stade de mesure ou de recommandation directe en mati\u00e8re de prise en charge ou de politique de sant\u00e9.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Une \u00e9quipe de recherche de l\u2019Inserm et de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne a publi\u00e9 dans la revue Nature Communications des travaux sur les m\u00e9canismes neuronaux de l\u2019allodynie m\u00e9canique, sympt\u00f4me fr\u00e9quent de 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