Une \u00e9quipe de recherche de l\u2019Inserm et de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne a publi\u00e9 dans la revue Nature Communications des travaux sur les m\u00e9canismes neuronaux de l\u2019allodynie m\u00e9canique, sympt\u00f4me fr\u00e9quent de la douleur neuropathique. L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e chez la souris et s\u2019est concentr\u00e9e sur l\u2019activit\u00e9 neuronale de la corne dorsale de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, premier relais central de traitement de l\u2019information sensorielle issue des tissus p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n
Les chercheurs montrent qu\u2019apr\u00e8s une l\u00e9sion nerveuse, un contact normalement indolore (l\u00e9g\u00e8re pression, effleurement) peut devenir douloureux du fait d\u2019une sensibilisation centrale. Celle-ci se traduit par une hyperr\u00e9activit\u00e9 des neurones de la corne dorsale en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019activation de neurones sensoriels sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans le toucher (m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs) ou dans la douleur (nocicepteurs). L\u2019\u00e9tude sugg\u00e8re qu\u2019un r\u00e9seau de neurones jusqu\u2019alors \u00ab dormants \u00bb, capables de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes modalit\u00e9s sensorielles, s\u2019active alors et contribue \u00e0 une profonde r\u00e9organisation des circuits de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, transformant le toucher en douleur.<\/p>\n
La douleur neuropathique, qui r\u00e9sulte d\u2019une l\u00e9sion ou d\u2019une maladie du syst\u00e8me nerveux somatosensoriel, concerne entre 7 % et 10 % de la population mondiale. Elle se caract\u00e9rise par des douleurs potentiellement tr\u00e8s invalidantes, durables et souvent r\u00e9sistantes \u00e0 la plupart des traitements. Les r\u00e9sultats de cette recherche fran\u00e7aise apportent un \u00e9clairage m\u00e9canistique suppl\u00e9mentaire sur la douleur neuropathique et l\u2019allodynie m\u00e9canique, sans toutefois proposer \u00e0 ce stade de nouvelles mesures th\u00e9rapeutiques ou recommandations de prise en charge. Ces travaux pr\u00e9sentent un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la veille en sant\u00e9 publique et en politiques du handicap, dans la mesure o\u00f9 ils portent sur une pathologie fr\u00e9quente, chronique et difficile \u00e0 traiter, mais ne comportent pas d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments comparatifs internationaux suppl\u00e9mentaires ni de donn\u00e9es chiffr\u00e9es sur l\u2019impact socio-\u00e9conomique.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Une \u00e9quipe de recherche de l\u2019Inserm et de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne a publi\u00e9 dans la revue Nature Communications des travaux sur les m\u00e9canismes neuronaux de l\u2019allodynie m\u00e9canique, sympt\u00f4me fr\u00e9quent de 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