Le texte pr\u00e9sente la notion de d\u00e9penses contraintes des m\u00e9nages, au c\u0153ur des travaux du Conseil \u00e9conomique, social et environnemental (CESE) dans un contexte de tensions sur le pouvoir d\u2019achat. Les d\u00e9penses contraintes sont d\u00e9finies comme des d\u00e9penses que les m\u00e9nages peuvent difficilement \u00e9viter ou r\u00e9duire sans affecter la satisfaction de besoins jug\u00e9s essentiels. Elles se distinguent des d\u00e9penses dites \u00ab arbitrables \u00bb (loisirs, habillement, certains \u00e9quipements) qui peuvent \u00eatre plus facilement ajust\u00e9es en fonction des revenus. Cette distinction permet d\u2019interroger la part du revenu r\u00e9ellement disponible pour des choix de consommation.<\/p>\n
L\u2019Insee utilise la notion plus restreinte de \u00ab d\u00e9penses pr\u00e9\u2011engag\u00e9es \u00bb, correspondant \u00e0 des d\u00e9penses effectu\u00e9es dans le cadre de contrats difficilement ren\u00e9gociables \u00e0 court terme : logement (loyer ou remboursement de cr\u00e9dit), eau, gaz, \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, certaines assurances, t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, cantine scolaire. La d\u00e9finition des d\u00e9penses contraintes utilis\u00e9e par le CESE dans la saisine est plus large : elle inclut non seulement ces d\u00e9penses pr\u00e9\u2011engag\u00e9es, mais aussi d\u2019autres postes peu compressibles comme l\u2019alimentation, la sant\u00e9, le carburant et les transports du quotidien, ainsi que certaines d\u00e9penses li\u00e9es aux d\u00e9gradations environnementales ou aux objectifs de lutte contre le changement climatique.<\/p>\n
Le CESE se saisit de cette question dans un contexte de forte hausse des prix depuis 2021\u20112022, en particulier pour l\u2019\u00e9nergie et l\u2019alimentation, qui a pes\u00e9 sur le pouvoir d\u2019achat des m\u00e9nages. M\u00eame si l\u2019inflation ralentit, la progression des d\u00e9penses contraintes continue d\u2019affecter les budgets et le ressenti des m\u00e9nages. En s\u2019appuyant sur les travaux de France Strat\u00e9gie et de l\u2019Insee, le CESE rappelle que la part des d\u00e9penses pr\u00e9\u2011engag\u00e9es dans le revenu disponible brut des m\u00e9nages est pass\u00e9e d\u2019environ 12 % en 1960 \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 29 % en 2021, la hausse du co\u00fbt du logement en expliquant l\u2019essentiel. Pour les m\u00e9nages les plus modestes, la part des d\u00e9penses pr\u00e9\u2011engag\u00e9es est pass\u00e9e de 31 % \u00e0 41 % entre 2011 et 2017. L\u2019augmentation de ces d\u00e9penses r\u00e9duit la capacit\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 une hausse des prix ou \u00e0 une baisse de revenus, ce qui constitue un enjeu central pour le suivi des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de niveau de vie et de conditions de vie.<\/p>\n
Dans ce cadre, la saisine identifie plusieurs axes de travail pour le CESE. Il examinera la part r\u00e9ellement arbitrable du budget des m\u00e9nages et les possibilit\u00e9s de mieux mesurer le \u00ab reste \u00e0 vivre \u00bb apr\u00e8s paiement des d\u00e9penses contraintes. Les travaux envisagent d\u2019analyser les diff\u00e9rences de structure de d\u00e9penses contraintes selon le niveau de revenus, le territoire de r\u00e9sidence, l\u2019\u00e2ge, la composition familiale et le statut des personnes. Ces analyses visent \u00e0 \u00e9clairer les pouvoirs publics sur la diversit\u00e9 des situations et sur les marges de man\u0153uvre r\u00e9elles des m\u00e9nages face aux \u00e9volutions de prix et aux politiques publiques, notamment dans les champs du logement, de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, de la sant\u00e9, des transports et de la transition \u00e9cologique.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le texte pr\u00e9sente la notion de d\u00e9penses contraintes des m\u00e9nages, au c\u0153ur des travaux du Conseil \u00e9conomique, social et environnemental (CESE) dans un contexte de tensions sur le pouvoir d\u2019achat. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7048,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[193,227],"class_list":["post-18608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evaluation-des-politiques-sociales-et-sanitaires","tag-cese","tag-ia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}