La note porte sur les enseignements tir\u00e9s des travaux \u00e9valuatifs r\u00e9cents concernant la forte croissance de l\u2019apprentissage depuis la r\u00e9forme de 2018, notamment dans l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et dans les tr\u00e8s petites, petites et moyennes entreprises (TPME). Cette massification est principalement attribu\u00e9e aux aides \u00e0 l\u2019embauche d\u2019apprentis, \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019offre de certifications accessibles par l\u2019apprentissage et \u00e0 la hausse du nombre d\u2019organismes de formation par apprentissage (OFA).<\/p>\n
Les travaux montrent que l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00ab apprentissage \u00bb est globalement rentable pour les OFA. Dans un contexte de tensions salariales, de concurrence accrue entre organismes et d\u2019\u00e9volution du profil des apprentis, ces structures d\u00e9veloppent toutefois des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019optimisation des co\u00fbts. La plupart mettent en place des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de p\u00e9dagogie de l\u2019alternance destin\u00e9s \u00e0 mieux articuler les apprentissages en centre de formation et en entreprise. Malgr\u00e9 ces \u00e9volutions, la hausse des taux de rupture de contrats et le sentiment exprim\u00e9 par certaines entreprises d\u2019\u00eatre insuffisamment en relation avec leur OFA soul\u00e8vent des interrogations sur la qualit\u00e9 p\u00e9dagogique de l\u2019apprentissage.<\/p>\n
Sur le plan institutionnel, la loi de 2018 a profond\u00e9ment modifi\u00e9 la gouvernance et le financement de l\u2019apprentissage. Elle a fait passer d\u2019un syst\u00e8me pilot\u00e9 par les R\u00e9gions sous contrainte budg\u00e9taire \u00e0 un dispositif plus lib\u00e9ralis\u00e9, mobilisant \u00e0 la fois les leviers de l\u2019offre (multiplication des OFA, diversification des certifications) et de la demande (aides financi\u00e8res aux employeurs). La France se distingue dans ce domaine au regard des comparaisons europ\u00e9ennes : la part des entreprises de dix salari\u00e9s ou plus recourant \u00e0 l\u2019alternance est pass\u00e9e de 33 % en 2015 \u00e0 49 % en 2020, alors qu\u2019en moyenne europ\u00e9enne ce taux est rest\u00e9 stable \u00e0 32 % en 2020, selon l\u2019enqu\u00eate Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS). Les donn\u00e9es indiquent \u00e9galement une progression de la part des femmes parmi les signataires de contrats d\u2019apprentissage entre 2017 et 2021.<\/p>\n
Le bilan de la r\u00e9forme de 2018 reste toutefois incomplet. Les donn\u00e9es sur le devenir des apprentis apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9forme ne sont pas encore disponibles, ce qui limite l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation des effets de long terme sur l\u2019insertion professionnelle et la qualit\u00e9 des parcours. Pour analyser les effets conjoints de la r\u00e9forme de 2018 et des plans de relance sur l\u2019apprentissage, France comp\u00e9tences et plusieurs partenaires publics (Dares, C\u00e9req, France Strat\u00e9gie, SIES, DEPP) ont organis\u00e9 un s\u00e9minaire le 17 mai, associant r\u00e9sultats d\u2019\u00e9tudes et lectures politiques des partenaires sociaux, des Conseils r\u00e9gionaux et de l\u2019\u00c9tat. La note de synth\u00e8se restitue les principaux enseignements issus de ces travaux, dans une perspective de suivi des politiques de formation, d\u2019emploi et de relations entre acteurs (\u00c9tat, R\u00e9gions, partenaires sociaux, organismes de formation, entreprises).\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" La note porte sur les enseignements tir\u00e9s des travaux \u00e9valuatifs r\u00e9cents concernant la forte croissance de l\u2019apprentissage depuis la r\u00e9forme de 2018, notamment dans l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et dans les tr\u00e8s 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