L\u2019article analyse les strat\u00e9gies \u00e9conomiques mises en \u0153uvre par les organismes de formation par apprentissage (OFA) \u00e0 la suite de la r\u00e9forme de 2018 de l\u2019apprentissage en France. Cette r\u00e9forme a profond\u00e9ment modifi\u00e9 la gouvernance et le financement du dispositif, en passant d\u2019un syst\u00e8me pilot\u00e9 par les R\u00e9gions et encadr\u00e9 par une contrainte budg\u00e9taire \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le lib\u00e9ralis\u00e9 sur les plans r\u00e9glementaire et financier, reposant sur le financement au \u00ab co\u00fbt contrat \u00bb. Dans ce nouveau cadre, les OFA sont amen\u00e9s \u00e0 se comporter comme des acteurs \u00e9conomiques cherchant \u00e0 optimiser leurs co\u00fbts et \u00e0 investir.<\/p>\n
France comp\u00e9tences conduit un travail exploratoire et prospectif pour examiner les strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation des OFA \u00e0 ces nouvelles r\u00e8gles et identifier les zones de risque, notamment en termes de qualit\u00e9 du service rendu aux b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires finaux. Depuis la r\u00e9forme, les OFA constatent une hausse globale de leurs charges, avec toutefois des situations tr\u00e8s contrast\u00e9es selon les organismes. Les d\u00e9penses p\u00e9dagogiques augmentent en lien avec l\u2019explosion du nombre d\u2019apprentis et l\u2019ouverture de nouvelles classes. La masse salariale cro\u00eet sous l\u2019effet de la hausse du co\u00fbt de la vie, des tensions de recrutement de formateurs et d\u2019une concurrence accrue entre OFA. Cela conduit davantage \u00e0 une augmentation des honoraires et du volume d\u2019heures des intervenants ext\u00e9rieurs, afin de les fid\u00e9liser, qu\u2019\u00e0 un rel\u00e8vement g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 des salaires, lesquels sont plut\u00f4t compl\u00e9t\u00e9s par des dispositifs de type primes de partage de la valeur. Le renouvellement des \u00e9quipements et plateaux techniques constitue \u00e9galement une charge importante.<\/p>\n
Face \u00e0 cette \u00e9volution, les OFA d\u00e9ploient des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019optimisation des co\u00fbts. Certaines d\u2019entre elles pourraient, selon l\u2019analyse, produire des effets pervers, en particulier sur la s\u00e9lectivit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e en apprentissage et sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du service rendu aux apprentis. La plupart des organismes utilisent cependant la progression de leurs ressources financi\u00e8res pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019avenir de leur structure et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 des formations. Ils expriment n\u00e9anmoins une crainte quant \u00e0 une possible contraction des financements publics, qui r\u00e9duirait leur capacit\u00e9 d\u2019investissement et pourrait peser, \u00e0 terme, sur la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019offre de formation et sur les conditions d\u2019accueil des apprentis.<\/p>\n
Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s concernent essentiellement le contexte fran\u00e7ais et impliquent principalement France comp\u00e9tences, en tant qu\u2019instance d\u2019analyse et de r\u00e9gulation, ainsi que les OFA, qui adaptent leurs mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques dans un cadre de lib\u00e9ralisation r\u00e9gul\u00e9e. Les enjeux identifi\u00e9s touchent directement les politiques de travail et d\u2019emploi, via la capacit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me d\u2019apprentissage \u00e0 absorber l\u2019augmentation des effectifs, \u00e0 maintenir la qualit\u00e9 des formations et \u00e0 garantir l\u2019acc\u00e8s au dispositif, dans un contexte de fortes tensions sur les co\u00fbts et les ressources.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u2019article analyse les strat\u00e9gies \u00e9conomiques mises en \u0153uvre par les organismes de formation par apprentissage (OFA) \u00e0 la suite de la r\u00e9forme de 2018 de l\u2019apprentissage en France. Cette r\u00e9forme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18938,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18955"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18955\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}