L\u2019article analyse le r\u00f4le que pourraient jouer les \u00ab Federally Funded Research and Development Centers \u00bb (FFRDCs) aux \u00c9tats-Unis pour encadrer le recours croissant \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la d\u00e9couverte et le d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux mat\u00e9riaux. L\u2019IA permet d\u00e9sormais d\u2019int\u00e9grer, \u00e0 un rythme in\u00e9dit, la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de donn\u00e9es, la pr\u00e9diction par mod\u00e8les de substitution et, dans certains cas, l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation en boucle ferm\u00e9e. Cette \u00e9volution soul\u00e8ve toutefois des difficult\u00e9s de gouvernance, en particulier en mati\u00e8re de reproductibilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats, d\u2019interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes et de dispositifs de supervision tout au long de ces cha\u00eenes de travail.<\/p>\n
Selon le texte, en l\u2019absence d\u2019une instance nationale de coordination, les d\u00e9cisions structurantes concernant les donn\u00e9es et les infrastructures, les algorithmes et l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation autonome sont prises au sein d\u2019organisations qui ne sont pas con\u00e7ues pour assurer une coordination durable, une responsabilit\u00e9 clairement identifi\u00e9e ou une continuit\u00e9 de mission. L\u2019article souligne que les FFRDCs pourraient contribuer \u00e0 combler ce d\u00e9ficit en structurant l\u2019action publique dans trois domaines : la gestion des donn\u00e9es et des infrastructures, le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019intelligence algorithmique et la mise en place de plateformes d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation autonome.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs proposent un mod\u00e8le de gouvernance \u00e0 deux niveaux : d\u2019une part, des laboratoires de science et technologie (S&T laboratories) charg\u00e9s de d\u00e9velopper les capacit\u00e9s techniques ; d\u2019autre part, des centres d\u2019\u00e9tude et d\u2019analyse (Study and Analysis, S&A centers) responsables de l\u2019int\u00e9gration des enjeux de politique publique, de l\u2019analyse co\u00fbts-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices et de la d\u00e9finition de cadres de gouvernance permettant de traduire les avanc\u00e9es scientifiques en strat\u00e9gie nationale. L\u2019article met en garde contre le risque, pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, de faire progresser ces technologies plus vite que leur encadrement institutionnel, alors que d\u2019autres pays mettent en place leurs propres programmes nationaux centralis\u00e9s dans le domaine des mat\u00e9riaux. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9sentent un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour le suivi comparatif des mod\u00e8les de gouvernance de l\u2019IA en R&D, susceptibles d\u2019influencer, \u00e0 terme, les politiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019innovation dans des secteurs comme la sant\u00e9, le travail ou l\u2019industrie.(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u00a0Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u2019article analyse le r\u00f4le que pourraient jouer les \u00ab Federally Funded Research and Development Centers \u00bb (FFRDCs) aux \u00c9tats-Unis pour encadrer le recours croissant \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10675,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[234,227,226],"class_list":["post-19870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-donnees-etudes-evaluation-et-prospective","tag-rand","tag-ia","tag-sources-etrangeres"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19870"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19870\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veilles-affaires-sociales.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}