Un rapport de recherche de l\u2019institution am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 but non lucratif RAND analyse la comp\u00e9tition technologique entre les \u00c9tats\u2011Unis et la Chine, en s\u2019int\u00e9ressant non seulement \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019innovation, mais surtout \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de diffusion des nouvelles technologies dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale et \u00e0 leur transformation en gains de productivit\u00e9 durables. Cette approche vise \u00e0 \u00e9clairer la trajectoire globale de la rivalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et g\u00e9opolitique entre les deux pays.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs d\u00e9veloppent un cadre analytique de mesure de la \u00ab capacit\u00e9 nationale de diffusion technologique \u00bb articul\u00e9 autour de trois composantes : les acteurs impliqu\u00e9s dans la diffusion, les liens et interactions entre ces acteurs, et les facteurs contextuels qui facilitent ou freinent cette diffusion. Chacune de ces composantes est appr\u00e9hend\u00e9e \u00e0 travers des indicateurs servant de mesures de la capacit\u00e9 de diffusion aux niveaux national et sectoriel.<\/p>\n
Le rapport distingue deux dimensions de diffusion technologique. La diffusion dans la production (\u00ab production diffusion \u00bb) concerne l\u2019int\u00e9gration des nouvelles technologies dans les processus de production et les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement. La diffusion dans l\u2019usage ou la demande (\u00ab adoption diffusion \u00bb) renvoie \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont les technologies sont adopt\u00e9es par les entreprises utilisatrices, les organisations et, plus largement, les acteurs \u00e9conomiques c\u00f4t\u00e9 demande.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs m\u00e8nent une comparaison entre les \u00c9tats\u2011Unis et la Chine \u00e0 partir de ces indicateurs, sans d\u00e9tailler dans ce r\u00e9sum\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats chiffr\u00e9s. L\u2019analyse vise \u00e0 appr\u00e9cier, pour chaque pays, la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 transformer des avanc\u00e9es technologiques en gains de productivit\u00e9 diffus\u00e9s dans l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00e9conomie, ce qui a des implications potentielles pour la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9, l\u2019emploi et l\u2019organisation du travail \u00e0 moyen et long terme, m\u00eame si ces implications ne sont pas d\u00e9taill\u00e9es pour des secteurs sp\u00e9cifiques comme la sant\u00e9 ou le social dans l\u2019extrait disponible.<\/p>\n
Le document appartient \u00e0 la s\u00e9rie \u00ab RAND Research Report \u00bb, qui pr\u00e9sente des analyses destin\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00e9clairer les d\u00e9cideurs publics et priv\u00e9s. Les rapports RAND sont soumis \u00e0 une revue par les pairs, et l\u2019institution pr\u00e9cise que leurs conclusions ne refl\u00e8tent pas n\u00e9cessairement les positions de ses financeurs. L\u2019utilisation du document est encadr\u00e9e par des r\u00e8gles de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle limitant la r\u00e9utilisation commerciale sans autorisation.(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais par l’IA)\u00a0Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Un rapport de recherche de l\u2019institution am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 but non lucratif RAND analyse la comp\u00e9tition technologique entre les \u00c9tats\u2011Unis et la Chine, en s\u2019int\u00e9ressant non seulement \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019innovation, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10675,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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