Un \u00e9tablissement public administratif plac\u00e9 sous la tutelle du minist\u00e8re charg\u00e9 de la Recherche publie un rapport intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et formation dans le b\u00e2timent, face aux enjeux de la r\u00e9novation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00bb. R\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Pierre Vidailhet et Alain Pecker pour l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des technologies, ce document analyse l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les objectifs nationaux de r\u00e9novation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et les capacit\u00e9s actuelles du march\u00e9 du travail dans le secteur du b\u00e2timent.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs rappellent que, dans le cadre de la Strat\u00e9gie nationale bas-carbone, la France vise une r\u00e9duction de 62 % des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre d\u2019ici 2030 par rapport \u00e0 2015, puis la neutralit\u00e9 carbone en 2050. Pour y parvenir, il serait n\u00e9cessaire de r\u00e9nover 550 000 \u00e0 600 000 logements d\u2019ici 2030, alors qu\u2019en 2024 seulement 91 000 chantiers de r\u00e9novation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s. Sur le plan de l\u2019emploi, l\u2019atteinte de ces objectifs impliquerait pr\u00e8s de 650 000 postes entre 2019 et 2030, dont 170 000 \u00e0 250 000 emplois suppl\u00e9mentaires sp\u00e9cifiquement consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9novation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Le rapport conclut que ces volumes exc\u00e8dent largement les capacit\u00e9s actuelles de la fili\u00e8re.<\/p>\n
Le secteur du b\u00e2timent, qui compte environ 1,7 million d\u2019actifs majoritairement employ\u00e9s dans des entreprises artisanales, est d\u00e9crit comme \u00e9tant en crise et confront\u00e9 \u00e0 trois d\u00e9fis principaux : un manque d\u2019attractivit\u00e9, une \u00ab non-qualit\u00e9 persistante \u00bb sur les chantiers, et un cadre r\u00e9glementaire jug\u00e9 inadapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9novation. Le d\u00e9ficit d\u2019attractivit\u00e9 est qualifi\u00e9 de structurel et se traduit par des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 recruter des personnes de nationalit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise, des dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s et des femmes. Dans ce contexte, le recours \u00e0 la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre \u00e9trang\u00e8re devient une variable d\u2019ajustement pour les entreprises : ces travailleurs repr\u00e9sentent en moyenne 17 \u00e0 19 % des effectifs au niveau national, et 36 \u00e0 40 % en \u00cele-de-France. L\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des technologies souligne \u00e0 cette occasion la place jug\u00e9e trop limit\u00e9e de la voie professionnelle dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise, rarement per\u00e7ue comme une voie d\u2019excellence, ainsi que l\u2019absence de continuit\u00e9 naturelle entre voie professionnelle et enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, ce qui pose des enjeux en mati\u00e8re de formation, de qualification et d\u2019attractivit\u00e9 des m\u00e9tiers.<\/p>\n
Le rapport insiste \u00e9galement sur la \u00ab non-qualit\u00e9 \u00bb des travaux, particuli\u00e8rement en r\u00e9novation, qui repr\u00e9sente un co\u00fbt estim\u00e9 entre 5 % et 25 % du chiffre d\u2019affaires des entreprises concern\u00e9es, en incluant les co\u00fbts cach\u00e9s li\u00e9s aux litiges, aux retards et \u00e0 la perte d\u2019image. Les auteurs relient ces difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 la forte fragmentation du secteur, compos\u00e9 d\u2019une multitude de petites entreprises sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, ce qui complique la coordination entre corps de m\u00e9tier sur un m\u00eame chantier. Ils mentionnent aussi les certifications RGE, cens\u00e9es garantir la qualit\u00e9 des interventions, dont les audits sont mis en cause dans l\u2019analyse, sans que le d\u00e9tail des critiques ne soit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 dans l\u2019extrait. L\u2019ensemble de ces constats soul\u00e8ve des enjeux majeurs de politique publique en mati\u00e8re de formation professionnelle, d\u2019organisation du travail, de r\u00e9gulation du secteur et de s\u00e9curisation des trajectoires d\u2019emploi dans la perspective de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Un \u00e9tablissement public administratif plac\u00e9 sous la tutelle du minist\u00e8re charg\u00e9 de la Recherche publie un rapport intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et formation dans le b\u00e2timent, face aux enjeux de la 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