L\u2019Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS) publie, \u00e0 l\u2019approche de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la sant\u00e9 mentale, un nouveau guide destin\u00e9 aux pays pour organiser la transition des soins psychiatriques institutionnels de longue dur\u00e9e vers une prise en charge communautaire, centr\u00e9e sur la personne et respectueuse des droits et des choix des individus. L\u2019OMS constate que de nombreuses personnes ayant des troubles de sant\u00e9 mentale vivent encore dans de grands h\u00f4pitaux psychiatriques ou centres de protection sociale, souvent pour des dur\u00e9es tr\u00e8s longues (plusieurs mois, ann\u00e9es, voire d\u00e9cennies), et qu\u2019environ la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019entre elles y sont maintenues contre leur gr\u00e9, isol\u00e9es de la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Le guide d\u00e9finit la d\u00e9sinstitutionnalisation comme le processus visant \u00e0 permettre aux personnes ayant pass\u00e9 au moins six mois en h\u00f4pital psychiatrique de r\u00e9int\u00e9grer la communaut\u00e9, en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant de soins, de soutien et d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s leur permettant de mener une vie satisfaisante. Il s\u2019adresse en particulier aux responsables d\u2019h\u00f4pitaux psychiatriques et propose des mesures op\u00e9rationnelles pour r\u00e9duire les admissions et les s\u00e9jours de longue dur\u00e9e, faire \u00e9voluer les pratiques internes afin de mieux prot\u00e9ger les droits des personnes, et organiser leur sortie de l\u2019h\u00f4pital avec un accompagnement adapt\u00e9 au sein de la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n
L\u2019OMS, par la voix de son Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, le Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, appelle les \u00c9tats \u00e0 abandonner les mod\u00e8les de soins institutionnalis\u00e9s de longue dur\u00e9e, \u00e0 r\u00e9orienter les investissements des \u00e9tablissements vers des services de sant\u00e9 mentale et de soutien communautaires fond\u00e9s sur les droits humains, et \u00e0 garantir que le recours \u00e0 un soutien continu ne se fasse pas au prix de la libert\u00e9, de la dignit\u00e9 ou de l\u2019inclusion sociale des personnes concern\u00e9es. Le guide souligne que la d\u00e9sinstitutionnalisation ne peut pas reposer uniquement sur les h\u00f4pitaux : elle suppose un acc\u00e8s effectif au logement, aux soins de sant\u00e9, au soutien social, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, \u00e0 l\u2019emploi ainsi qu\u2019un appui aux familles, afin de permettre une vie autonome et inclusive dans la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n
L\u2019OMS note que de nombreux pays cherchent d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 renforcer les services de sant\u00e9 mentale communautaires, mais que les progr\u00e8s demeurent h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes. L\u2019initiative s\u2019inscrit dans une dynamique internationale de transformation des syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 mentale et pr\u00e9sente un int\u00e9r\u00eat comparatif pour les administrations qui pilotent les politiques de sant\u00e9, de solidarit\u00e9, de handicap et d\u2019inclusion sociale, en particulier sur les enjeux de r\u00e9allocation des ressources, de respect des droits des usagers, de d\u00e9veloppement des alternatives \u00e0 l\u2019hospitalisation de longue dur\u00e9e et de coordination entre secteurs sanitaire, social, \u00e9ducatif et de l\u2019emploi.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)Lire la Suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u2019Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS) publie, \u00e0 l\u2019approche de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la sant\u00e9 mentale, un nouveau guide destin\u00e9 aux pays pour organiser la transition des soins psychiatriques 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