Une \u00e9quipe de recherche de l\u2019Inserm \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Grenoble-Alpes, en collaboration avec le CNRS, le CHU de Grenoble et l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Grenade (Espagne), a publi\u00e9 dans la revue Environmental Health Perspectives des r\u00e9sultats sur les effets potentiels de l\u2019exposition p\u00e9rinatale aux phtalates et aux ph\u00e9nols sur le d\u00e9veloppement cognitif des enfants. L\u2019\u00e9tude porte sur une cohorte de 380 femmes enceintes et leurs enfants, suivis jusqu\u2019aux 3 ans de l\u2019enfant.<\/p>\n
Les chercheurs ont mesur\u00e9, \u00e0 partir de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements d\u2019urine r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s pendant la grossesse et la p\u00e9riode p\u00e9rinatale, des marqueurs d\u2019exposition \u00e0 26 phtalates et ph\u00e9nols, incluant notamment des bisph\u00e9nols et des parab\u00e8nes. Ce protocole de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s constitue un progr\u00e8s m\u00e9thodologique par rapport \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes ant\u00e9rieures reposant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur un seul pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement par femme, et permet une estimation plus pr\u00e9cise de l\u2019exposition \u00e0 ces substances dont les concentrations biologiques varient rapidement.<\/p>\n
Les phtalates et ph\u00e9nols \u00e9tudi\u00e9s sont largement pr\u00e9sents dans l\u2019environnement, l\u2019alimentation et les objets de consommation, et sont d\u00e9tect\u00e9s chez la quasi-totalit\u00e9 de la population. Plusieurs d\u2019entre eux sont des perturbateurs endocriniens av\u00e9r\u00e9s ou suspect\u00e9s, susceptibles d\u2019alt\u00e9rer le syst\u00e8me hormonal. L\u2019\u00e9tude se concentre sur l\u2019effet de ces expositions durant la grossesse, en particulier au troisi\u00e8me trimestre, sur le quotient intellectuel (QI) des enfants.<\/p>\n
Le QI des enfants a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 3 ans par un neuropsychologue \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un test standardis\u00e9. En int\u00e9grant les donn\u00e9es de la cohorte et une mod\u00e9lisation s\u2019appuyant sur les connaissances ant\u00e9rieures, les chercheurs observent des associations entre l\u2019exposition \u00e0 certains phtalates et \u00e0 un bisph\u00e9nol au troisi\u00e8me trimestre de grossesse et les scores de QI des enfants \u00e0 3 ans. Parall\u00e8lement, l\u2019\u00e9quipe a recueilli des informations sur d\u2019autres facteurs susceptibles d\u2019influer sur le QI de l\u2019enfant, afin de mieux isoler l\u2019effet potentiel des expositions chimiques.<\/p>\n
Ces travaux confirment l\u2019importance de la caract\u00e9risation des effets des polluants chimiques, et en particulier des perturbateurs endocriniens, comme enjeu de sant\u00e9 publique, compte tenu de leur pr\u00e9sence diffuse dans l\u2019environnement et de l\u2019exposition quotidienne de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Ils apportent de nouvelles donn\u00e9es sur les liens possibles entre expositions p\u00e9rinatales \u00e0 certaines substances chimiques et d\u00e9veloppement cognitif pr\u00e9coce, tout en restant limit\u00e9s \u00e0 des associations observ\u00e9es dans une cohorte de taille mod\u00e9r\u00e9e et \u00e0 un \u00e2ge d\u2019\u00e9valuation fix\u00e9 \u00e0 3 ans.\u00a0(contenu r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par l’IA)\u200bLire la Suite<\/a>\u200b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Une \u00e9quipe de recherche de l\u2019Inserm \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Grenoble-Alpes, en collaboration avec le CNRS, le CHU de Grenoble et l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Grenade (Espagne), a publi\u00e9 dans la revue Environmental Health 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